All medical devices in India follow a regulatory framework that is based on the drug regulations under the Drugs and Cosmetic Act (1940) and Drugs and Cosmetic Rules (1945). Homopolymers and Copolymers Polymers when made by polymerisation of a single monomeric chemical species are known as homopolymers. Classification of nanomaterials. different alcohols in a homologous series of phthalates, adipates, etc.) Classification Fibrous protein: They are elongated or fiber like protein. Polymer A variety of synthetic polymers as plastic (polythene), synthetic fibres. It is possible to understand the influence of structural elements (e.g. Classification based on Mode of polymerisation: 1. How are polymers classified on the basis of structure ... I could copy paste the text from some or the other sources but that would be pointless. Discusses and analyzes the most suitable fabrication methods and processing techniques for cellulose as a reinforcement in a range of composites. One category is polymer foam with open cells connected to each other. With further researches, classification became more comprehensive. Gad, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014 Classification. 2] Classification Based on Structure of Polymers. Smart polymer Classification. 3. thermoset (Unsaturated Polyester (UP), Epoxiy (EP)) or thermoplastic (Polycarbonate (PC),Polyvinylchloride, Nylon, Polysterene) and embedded glass, carbon, steel or Kevlar fibers (dispersed phase). It is a vinylarene, a volatile organic compound and a member of styrenes. Classification of Polymers: Based on Structure of Polymers: 3. Examples: - (nylon 6, 6) and synthetic rubbers (Buna - S) are polymers extensively used in daily life as well as in industry. Polymer-based nano composites are also being developed for electronic applications such as thin-film capacitors in integrated circuits and solid polymer electrolytes for batteries. Classification of nanomaterials. The mechanical properties of polymers, such as tensile strength, toughness, elasticity, and so on, are determined by intermolecular forces in the macromolecules, such as Van der Waal forces and hydrogen bonds. The term "epoxy", "epoxy resin", or "epoxide" (Europe), α-epoxy, 1,2-epoxy etc. Other classification systems exist, such as those grouping polymers by the route … Diffusion based drug delivery systems (as shown in Figure 1) and solvent activated drug deliv-ery systems are the other areas being explored for utilizing the polymers [1]. NMs can be classified into different groups based on various criteria. First, consider how the World Health Organization defines medical devices and … 2). As a Design Engineer, it is necessary to understand the Classification of materials, Material Properties, and Selection of materials for engineering purpose. Earlier, enzymes were assigned names based on the one who discovered it. This particular gravity, fixed particle amplitude, power and managed density is the most extreme property for switching products without compromising profitability or … Any material selection process is guided by end-use requirements. The straight chain and ring form are interchangeable structure. 0. (ii) Cross-linked polymers: These are formed from bi- functional and tri- … Smart polymers, stimuli-responsive polymers or functional polymers are high-performance polymers that change according to the environment they are in. Generally, NMs are categorized according to their dimensionality, morphology, state, and chemical composition (Gleiter, 2000).This classification also depends on their size, which ranges from 1–100 nm in at least one dimension (see Fig. 1.6 Organization of This Book 14. The examples are high density polythen, PVC, etc. Classifying polymers according to structure – namely, the elements bonded along the backbone of the predominant polymer chains – affords a systematic list of polymers that is acceptable for most purposes. This particular gravity, fixed particle amplitude, power and managed density is the most extreme property for switching products without compromising profitability or … These details include the overall chemical composition and the sequence of monomer units in the case of copolymers, the stereochemistry or tacticity of the chain, and the geometric isomerization in the case of diene-type polymers for which several synthesis … The Medical Devices Regulations (Regulations) utilize a risk-based approach to regulating products within its scope. Monosaccharides are further divided into D and L forms based on the orientation of the asymmetric carbon furthest from the carbonyl group. Traditionally the three major classes of materials are metals, polymers, and ceramics. Monomers do not have to be of a single atom type, but when referring to a specific monomer it … Vipin Sharma Biology Blogs for more information regarding every national level competitive exam in which biology is a part . Polysulphide : Polymer resins or compounds are based on polysulfide or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) chemical systems. By Mode Of Formation 5. If the two monomers are randomly ordered then the copolymer is, not surprisingly, referred to as a random copolymer. Introduction. [2] Branched Polymers: These polymers contain linear chains having some … This category has the following classifications: Linear Polymers. By Origin Natural Polymers Polymers which are isolated from natural materials are … The classification of hydrogels depends on their physical structure and chemical composition can be classified as follows: (a) Amorphous (non-crystalline). 8.1 Classification of Polymers - Classification based on Source, Structure, Mode of Polymerisation, Molecular Forces and Growth Polymerisation; 8.1 Classification of Polymers - Classification based on Source, Structure, Mode of Polymerisation, Molecular Forces … different alcohols in a homologous series of phthalates, adipates, etc.) Ex: Bakelite, melamine, etc. 1.2 Thermosetting Polymer Composites in Structure Applications 3. ... PP is a polymer based on polypropylene chemical bonds. Question Bank with Solutions. The ratio of length of main chain to that of side chains is not constant. When the straight chain form a cyclic structure, it can result in the formation of alpha and beta form of monosaccharides. Composition & Structure Processing & Synthesis These four categories are useful ways to sort different materials. Branched chain polymers These polymers contain linear chains having some branches, e.g., low density polythene. NMs can be classified into different groups based on various criteria. PERFORMANCE The monomers in these are linked together to form a long chain. The flow cell includes at least one channel for receiving the polymer precursor solution. A polymer (/ ˈ p ɒ l ɪ m ər /; Greek poly-, "many" + -mer, "part") is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits. Represents a valent hydrocarbon group), X represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group, a is 0 to 3, b is 0 to 2, and n is 0 to 1. ... and applications of the electrospun membrane in terms of natural as well as synthetic polymer-based nanofibrous membranes for … Presents the fundamentals of cellulose-based nanocomposites, including sources, extraction, types, classification, linkages, structure, compounds, and characterization. Classification of Polymers Based on Structure (i) Linear polymers These are the polymers in which the monomer units are linked to one another to form long linear chains. cellulose, jute, linen, silk, wool etc. Each category will be briefly discussed here, then used in later chapters to highlight the special qualities of each material. Branched chain Polymers In these polymers the monomer units are joined to form long chain with branches of different length. Classification of Polymerization: Polymer structures can be classified according to the shape of macromolecules as under: (i) Branched Chain Structures: As shown in fig. Ideal coordinates are calculated by software based on the known covalent geometry (typically using the Molecular Networks Corina or OpenEye Omega programs). NATURAL POLYMERS Ø Polymers found in plant and animal matter. PERFORMANCE Classifying polymers according to structure – namely, the elements bonded along the backbone of the predominant polymer chains – affords a systematic list of polymers that is acceptable for most purposes. Some Polymers and their MonomersPolypropene, also known as polypropylene, is made up of monomer propene.Polystyrene is an aromatic polymer, naturally transparent, made up of monomer styrene.Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a plastic polymer made of monomer vinyl chloride.The urea-formaldehyde resin is a non-transparent plastic obtained by heating formaldehyde and urea.More items... Classification of Polymers based on the Structure of the Monomer Chain. I. Skeletal Structure. This mock test of Test: Classification of Polymers for JEE helps you for every JEE entrance exam. Write the classification of polymers based on structure. The ratio of oxygen and hydrogen in carbohydrates is the same as in water i.e. For example;High density polythene,PVC, Nylon, Polyester. Metals, polymers and ceramics tend to have great differences in these categories. Classification Based on Structure of Polymers: [1] Linear Polymers: These polymers consist of long and straight chains. These polymers contain bi-functional and tri-functional monomers and strong covalent bonds between various linear polymer chains. 2.1.3. Next, the chapter reviews the different criteria for the classification of polymers. [1]. A.1.1 There are several different types of polymers with many properties ranging from chemical to organic structure. Maharashtra Board Question Bank with Solutions (Official) Textbook Solutions. 1.3 Damage in Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Polymer Composite Structures 3. Other classification systems exist, such as those grouping polymers by the route … Structure of Polymers. Such materials can be sensitive to a number of factors, such as temperature, humidity, pH, chemical compounds, the wavelength or intensity of light or an electrical or magnetic field and can respond in various ways, like altering … 2:1. There are various ways to classify polymers based on source, structure, mode of forming, molecular forces etc. Polymers are classified into three types on the basis of Structure. The polymer precursor solution includes a monomer, a crosslinker, and a photoinitiator. U can like my Facebook page ie. The monomers in these are linked together to form a long chain. The chapter discusses the classification of polymers based on their source, structure, mode of polymerization, etc. Description. These monomers are known as straight polymers. Classification of Plasticizers Plasticizers are commonly classified based on their chemical composition. ... Q. Gad, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014 Classification. 2. Copolymers. This is represented by a three-member ring containing an oxygen atom that is bonded with two carbon atoms already united in some other way. Hence there have to be different considerations based on which polymers would be classified. I'll try to ans your 3 questions in brief. Classification of Polymer based on Structure. The examples are high density polythen, PVC, etc. Classification of composite materials: Microspheres: They are considered to be some of the most useful filters. Give examples. Based on their structure, the polymers are classified as : (a) Linear Polymers (b) Branched Chain Polymers (c) Cross-linked Polymers or Network Polymers on the properties of plasticizers and their effect on base polymers. 2. Based on the chemical nature, structure, shape, and solubility, proteins are classified as: Simple proteins: They are composed of only amino acid residue.On hydrolysis, these proteins yield only constituent amino acids. The alpha and beta are named based on the orientation or position of hydroxyl group at C1 (anomeric carbon). A polymer (/ ˈ p ɒ l ɪ m ər /; Greek poly-, "many" + -mer, "part") is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits. By Application & Physical Properties 7. Structure Polymers based upon the Structure of the Monomer Chain. Classification based on configuration. They are classified into three types; fibrous, globular and derived protein. S.E. Classification of biodegradable polymers. Another classification of hydrogels is based on polymer constituents. 2. Polymers - Types, Classification, Properties, and Uses of Polymers Classification of Polymers. Branched Polymers. Network Polymers. The continuous research on efficient, effective and cheaper materials has moved the interest towards natural polymers, such as polysaccharides, starch, chitin [12,13,14,15,16,17,18] and, of course, cyclodextrins and derivatives.In previous reviews [19,20,21,22], CD polymers were categorized by structures, … Selecting a suitable material base upon the condition of operation and machinability and many other factors is also a big task. Classification of CD-Based Polymers. The structure of polymers containing long and straight chains falls under this category. Polymers range from familiar synthetic plastics such as … The structure of polymers containing long and straight chains fall into this category. They are mainly classified on the basis of their source, structure, mode of synthesis and molecular forces. My Dashboard; Pages; 4.1.4 Classification of Polymer Based on Structure; AY2122 1st Sem_College. Polymers in reservoir based drug delivery systems have shown immense progress in the form of hydrogels and liposomes. Classification of Polymers Based on Structure (i) Linear polymers These are the polymers in which the monomer units are linked to one Usually polymers are classified into three categories: thermoplastic polymers, thermosetting polymers and elastomers, better called as rubbers. By Structure 6. Examples of these are steel, cloth, and pottery. depend upon the intermolecular forces of attraction like Vander Waals Forces, H-bonds etc. 2). References 15. Based on the number of monosaccharide units, it is further classified as a disaccharide, trisaccharide, tetrasaccharide, etc. Tacticity is important because it can affect the chemistry, reactivity, and mechanical properties of polymers. Classification Based on Structure of Polymers: [1] Linear Polymers: These polymers consist of long and straight chains. Polyethene, PVC, Nylons, polyesters etc. 1 – 5 In 1981, Trams et al 6 collectively referred to plasma membrane-derived vesicles as exosomes and first proposed the concept of “exosomes”, which … One of them is based on the matrix material (metal, ceramic, polymer) and the second is based on the material structure: Classification of composites I The Polymers: Classification The main classes of polymers are: • Natural polymers Example: cellulose and protein, which provide the mechanical basis for most plant and animal life • Thermoplastics, which soften on heating Example: polyethylene • Thermosets or Resins, which harden when two components are heated together Example: an epoxy Exosomes, with a diameter of about 40–100nm, are biological nanoscale spherical lipid bilayer vesicles secreted by cells, floating at a density of 1.13–1.19 g ∙ mL −1 in a sucrose density gradient solution. Glasses do not have a crystalline structure, but they belong to the____ group because they share similar properties. Metals, polymers and ceramics tend to have great differences in these categories. Most of the polymers around us are made up of a hydrocarbon backbone. The safety and effectiveness evidence required to support a medical device licence application is proportional to the risk of the device, which is determined by applying the Classification Rules for Medical Devices detailed in Schedule 1 of the Regulations. Polymers. by mbernechea. Since all the polymers have a very complex structure, large applications, and very different behaviors from one another, it becomes very difficult to classify them under a specific category. 16-2, branches of monomers are added on to the linear chain of macromolecule. cellulose and starches are the polymers of glucose. Classification of Materials DRAFT. Classification of polymers based on their structure can be of three types: (i) Linear polymers: These polymers are similar in structure to a long straight chain which identical links connected to each other. 1.4 Repair of Damage in Thermosetting Polymer Composite Structures 11. Cellulose and natural rubber. Download scientific diagram | Classification criteria of some building products. Classification of composite materials II (based on reinforcing material structure) The four basic structures are random, alternating, block, and graft. Another classification of materials are polymers. 1.5 Classification of Self-Healing Schemes 13. PVC, i.e., polyvinyl chloride is mainly utilized for making pipes and electrical cable televisions is an example of a linear polymer. 2 Self-Healing in Biological Systems 21 The monomers in these are linked together to form a long chain. Elastomers possesses elastic character. Classification of Polymers : Polymers can have different chemical structures, physical properties, mechanical behavior, thermal characteristics and can be classified in different ways by following below are, 1.Based on the origin [1] i) Natural Polymers. The atomic structure of graphene can be observed directly by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Fig. Polymers range from familiar synthetic plastics such as … Classification Of Polymers 1. Conveniently, all polymers can be assigned to one of two groups based upon their processing characteristics or the type of polymerization mechanism. Based on origin, the polymer can be broadly classified into three groups: (i) Natural Polymers: These polymer occur in nature, i.e., they have either vegitable or an animal origin. Classification. Furthermore, they have very large molecular structures, often chain-like in nature that have a backbone of carbon atoms. Axial ratio (length: breadth ratio) is more than 10 (i) Linear polymer: These polymers consist of long and straight chains. PVC, i.e. ... PP is a polymer based on polypropylene chemical bonds. Polysulphide : Polymer resins or compounds are based on polysulfide or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) chemical systems. 600+ Answer. Ex. Thousands of different polymers have been synthesized and more will be produced in the future. With further researches, classification became more comprehensive. How polymers are classified? Polymers are long chained molecules formed by joining up many identical repeating sub-units called monomers. Polymerisation is a process by which the monomers are joining together into chain-like big molecules known as polymers. Polymerisation can be represented graphically as shown below. ... More items... on the properties of plasticizers and their effect on base polymers. There are two classification systems of composite materials. A more specific classification can be made on the basis of polymer structure. Classification of polymers based on their structure can be of three types: (i) Linear polymers: These polymers are similar in structure to a long straight chain which identical links connected to each other. Depending on the structure of the polymer, it is divided into three types: Straight Polymers. 1. (b) Many of them are organic compounds that are chemically based on carbon, hydrogen, and other nonmetallic elements (viz.O,N, and Si). 2] Classification Based on Structure of Polymers. • These chains has no any side chains. These coordinates are often used in modeling applications where researchers want to minimize any deviations from ideal geometry that may be present in experimental structure determinations. 13.5 k . Text Solution. Similarly, Liu et al., in a recent and comprehensive review , divided cyclodextrin polymers into four categories, according to their structures (CD-based polyrotaxanes, grafted CD polymers, crosslinked CD polymers and CD-based star polymers). These are represented as: 2. First, it talks about mechanical and rheological properties of different types of polymers, polymer states, and molecular weight distribution. Polymers - Classification of Polymers Based on Structure video tutorial 00:05:17; Advertisement Remove all ads. Branched Polymers - Linear polymer with branches with same structure/polymer as the main chain (1 kind of polymer) Each category will be briefly discussed here, then used in later chapters to highlight the special qualities of each material. (IV) Classification Based on the structure of the polymers 1. (2) Classification of Polymers Based on Structure • This classification of polymers is based upon how the monomeric units are linked together. I don't know. In Mechanical Engineering The material science plays a significant role. refers to a broad group of reactive compounds that are characterized by the presence of an oxirane or epoxy ring. Styrene is a vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. Classification on the bases of source: Natural polymers: These polymers are obtained either from plants or animal and are named as plant polymer e.g. (iii) Semisynthetic polymers Polymers obtained by making some modification in natural polymers by artificial means, are known as semi synthetic polymers, e.g., cellulose acetate (rayon), vulcanised rubber etc. Balbharati Solutions (Maharashtra) Samacheer Kalvi … Classification of Solids: The classification of crystals on the basis of symmetry elements and in terms of interrelation of bond length (a, b and c) and bond angles (α, β, and ) between different crystal axes. By Monomer 3. Synthetic polymers are human-made polymers. From the utility point of view they can be classified into four main categories: thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers and synthetic fibers. By Thermal Response 4. Earlier, enzymes were assigned names based on the one who discovered it. CLASSIFICATION l Based on source l Based on chain backbone l Based on structure l Based on composition l Based on molecular force l Based on mode of polymerization BASED ON SOURCE 1. Polymers include the familiar plastic and rubber materials. This category has the following classifications: Linear Polymers. 1.1.3 Classification Based upon Polymer Structure In addition to classification based upon processing and polymerization characteristics, polymers may also be grouped based upon the chemical structure of their backbones. Data Analysis. Classification based upon molecular forces Application of polymers also depends upon their mechanical properties like tensile strength, elasticity & … These polymers have high 3 years ago. This contains 10 Multiple Choice Questions for JEE Test: Classification of Polymers (mcq) to study with solutions a complete question bank. 1.2 Polymer Structure. → Classification based upon structure : On the basis of structure of polymers can be classified as: 1. Polymer Matrix Composites are composed of a matrix from . They are classified into three types; fibrous, globular and derived protein. S.E. These considerations are as follows: Under this category, the polymers are classified into the following four subgroups on the basis of the magnitude of intermolecular forces present in them. Classification of protein on the basis of Structure and composition: • This Classification of protein is based on shape or structure and composition. By Tacticity 7. The properties of polymers are strongly influenced by details of the chain structure. Such as low density polythene. The examples of Polymers are high density polythene, polyvinyl chloride, etc. e.g. The classification of medical devices rules along with regulatory approval and registration by the CDSCO is under the control of Drug Controller General of India (DCGI). An isobutylene-based polymer having at least one reactive silicon group selected from the following at the molecular end. Classification Based on Structure of Polymers; Linear Polymers: These polymers are made up of long and straight chains. These linear chains are closely packed in space. Monomers react with each other in end to end fashion such that they form linear or straight chains of polymers. 1. 3. Protein-based : Albumin, Collagen, gelatin etc. Represents an integer of 8, and Y represents a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom. } These polymers are nearly impossible to soften when heating without degrading the underlying polymer structure and are thus thermosetting polymers. Played 204 times. Many of them are organic compounds that are chemically based on carbon, hydrogen, and other nonmetallic elements; furthermore, they have very large molecular structures. A.1.1 There are several different types of polymers with many properties ranging from chemical to organic structure. Classification of composite materials: Microspheres: They are considered to be some of the most useful filters. Polymers are In the healthcare industry there are important distinctions between “medical device” and “medical equipment” that you must understand before evaluating polymers and other materials. Oligosaccharides yielding 2 molecules of monosaccharides on hydrolysis is known as a disaccharide, and the ones yielding 3 or 4 monosaccharides are known as trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides respectively, and so on. Which of the following types of polymers is not based on the classification by the source? The close packing results in high densities, tensile strength and high melting and boiling points. It has a role as a mutagen, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. The most widespread uses of these facilities are the sterilization of medical and pharmaceutical products, the preservation of foodstuffs, polymer synthesis and modification, and the eradication of insect infestation For gamma facilities the source would typically be 60Co in the petabequerel range; some 137Cs sources are also used. Classification of Polymers Based on Structure (i) Linear polymers These are the polymers in which the monomer units are linked to one Examples include melamine-formaldehyde foam and … (iii) Semisynthetic polymers Polymers obtained by making some modification in natural polymers by artificial means, are known as semi synthetic polymers, e.g., cellulose acetate (rayon), vulcanised rubber etc. A classification model is utilized to make sure that the sample is comprised of the aqueous layer that contains the polymer instead of … Linear polymers These polymers consist of long and straight chains. Polymer foams are classified into two categories based on the structure of the cell hole. Fibrous protein: They are elongated or fiber like protein. Home; Modules; Collaborations The classifications are based on structure, mechanism of polymerization, and chain topology. A method for making on-flow cell three-dimensional polymer structures includes loading a polymer precursor solution onto a flow cell. Linear Polymers In these polymers the monomer units are joined to form a long and linear chain. 4. There are three different types based on the structure of the polymers. [2] Branched Polymers: These polymers contain linear chains having some … (ii) Branched chain polymers: These polymers contain linear chains having some branches. between the adjacent polymer chains. Examples: High density polythene, polyvinyl chloride; Branched Chain Polymers: They contain linear chains having some branches. It is possible to understand the influence of structural elements (e.g. In diffusion based drug delivery This imposes the contrast and makes evident the structure within the cells … Polymers have very large molecular structures. Classification of Polymers. Based on the number of carbon atoms, monosaccharides are divided into trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, and heptoses having three, four, five, six, and seven carbon atoms. Classification of Bubble Structure . Due to their broad spectrum of properties, both synthetic and natural polymers play essential and ubiquitous roles in everyday life. They include starch, cellulose, proteins, nucleic acids, natural rubbber etc. poly-vinyl chloride is largely used for making pipes and electric cables is an example of a linear polymer. Based on the structure-property relationship, synthetic and modified natural polymers have been obtained with well controlled composition and architecture. A classification based on their sorption and structural characteristics with consideration of the adhesive and autoadhesive properties is presented. Linear Polymers - A long chain of skeletal atoms to which are attached the substituent group. 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